5.1   Overall considerations

The financial statements have been prepared using the material accounting policies and measurement basis specified by IFRS as adopted by the EU for each type of asset, liability, income and expense. The measurement bases are more fully described in the accounting policies below.

The significant accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Group and the Company and are consistent with those used by the subsidiaries in previous years.

The financial information has been prepared from the audited financial statements of the companies comprising the Group (see note 17).

5.2   Presentation of financial statements

The consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with IAS 1 ‘ Presentation of Financial Statements’ (Revised 2007) . The Group has elected to present the statements of comprehensive income.

5.3   Basis of consolidation

The Group financial statements consolidate those of the Company and all of its subsidiary undertakings drawn up to 30 June 2026. Certain subsidiaries have a reporting date of 31 December. For consolidation purposes, their financial statements are adjusted using management accounts to align their reporting date to 30 June.

Subsidiaries are all entities (including structured entities) over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity where the Group is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power to direct the activities of the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases.

All transactions and balances between Group companies are eliminated on consolidation, including unrealised gains and losses on transactions between Group companies. Where unrealised losses on intra-group asset sales are reversed on consolidation, the underlying asset is also tested for impairment from a Group perspective. Amounts reported in the financial statements of subsidiaries have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the accounting policies adopted by the Group.

Profit or loss and other comprehensive income of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the year are recognised from the effective date of acquisition, or up to the effective date of disposal, as applicable.

The Group attributes total comprehensive income or loss of subsidiaries between the owners of the parent and the non-controlling interest based on their respective ownership interests.

5.4   Business combination

The Group applies the acquisition method in accounting for business combinations. The consideration transferred by the Group to obtain control of a subsidiary is calculated as the sum of the acquisition-date fair values of assets transferred, liabilities incurred and the equity interests issued by the Group, which includes the fair value of any asset or liability arising from a contingent consideration arrangement. Acquisition costs are expensed as incurred.

The Group recognises identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination regardless of whether they have been previously recognised in the acquiree’s financial statements prior to the acquisition. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are generally measured at their acquisition-date fair values.

The Group recognises any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the acquired entity’s net identifiable assets.

Goodwill is stated after separate recognition of identifiable intangible assets. It is calculated as the excess of the sum of a) fair value of consideration transferred, b) the recognised amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and c) acquisition-date fair value of any existing equity interest in the acquiree, over the acquisition-date fair values of identifiable net assets. If the fair values of identifiable net assets exceed the sum calculated above, the excess amount (i.e. gain on a bargain purchase) is recognised in the statements of comprehensive income.

A merger of entities under common control is accounted for by applying the pooling of interests method (predecessor accounting). Under this method, the financial statement items of the combining entities for the period in which the combination occurs and for any comparative periods disclosed are included in the financial statements of the Company (the acquirer) as if they had been combined from the beginning of the earliest period presented. Any difference between the amount recorded as share capital issued plus any additional consideration in the form of cash or other assets and the amount recorded for the share capital acquired is adjusted against reserves.

5.5   Foreign currency translation

Functional and presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in euro (€), which is also the Group’s and Company’s functional currency.

Foreign currency transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency of the Group using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions (spot exchange rate). Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the remeasurement of monetary items denominated in foreign currency at year-end exchange rates are recognised in the statements of comprehensive income.

Non-monetary items are not retranslated at year-end and are measured at historical cost (translated using the exchange rates at the transaction date).

5.6   Segment reporting

The Group has four operating segments: casino and catering, retail gaming, online gaming and real estate. In identifying these operating segments, management generally follows the Group’s service lines representing its main products (see note 6).

Each of these operating segments is managed separately as each requires different technologies, marketing approaches and other resources. All inter-segment transfers are carried out at arm’s length prices based on prices charged to unrelated customers in stand-alone sales of identical goods or services.

For management purposes, the Group uses the same measurement policies as those used in its financial statements, except for certain items not included in determining the operating profit of the operating segments.

5.7   Revenue

Revenue comprises revenue from gaming activities and food and beverages.

To determine whether to recognise revenue, the Group follows a 5-step process:

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when performance obligations have been satisfied and the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled to can be measured reliably.

The Group evaluates all contractual arrangements it enters into and evaluates the nature of the promised goods or services, and rights and obligations under the arrangement, in determining the nature of its performance obligations. Where such performance obligations are capable of being distinct and are distinct in the context of the contract, the consideration the Group expects to be entitled under the arrangement is allocated to each performance obligation based on their relative stand-alone selling prices. Revenue is recognised at an amount equal to the transaction price allocated to the specific performance obligation when it is satisfied, either at a point in time or over time, as applicable, based on the pattern of transfer of control.

Gaming turnover and revenue

The Group recognises turnover as the total wagered revenue, which is the total value of bets played by players, including bets made using credits won during the course of play.

The Group recognises revenues as the net win from gaming activities, which is the difference between bets placed less player winnings and bonuses.

The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised:

Lotteries

Turnover from Lottery Games is recognised on the sale of tickets. Revenue from Lottery Games is recognised on the sale of tickets net of player winnings.

Instant Lottery

Turnover from Instant Lottery is recognised on the sale of cards. Revenue from Instant Lottery is recognised on the sale of cards net of player winnings.

Gaming tables

Turnover from gaming tables is the total value of bets played by players. Revenue from gaming tables is recognised on the closure of the individual tables and represents the increase or decrease in each table’s position after the settlement of player winnings.

Electronic Gaming Machines (EGMs) and Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs)

Turnover is the total wagered which is the total value of bets played by players, including bets made using credits won during the course of play. Revenue from EGMs and VLTs is recognised when machine counts are carried out and represents the increase or decrease in each machine’s position net of player winnings.

Sports betting

Turnover for Sports Betting represents the total value of bets played by players. Revenue from Sports Betting is recognised on gains and losses in respect of bets placed on pre-match live sporting events, net of player winnings and promotional bonuses.

Historical Horse Racing (HHR)

Revenue from HHR machines is recognised when the outcome of each wagering transaction is determined, and the Group’s performance obligation is fulfilled. This occurs at the completion of each game play, when the player’s wager is resolved, and the Group is entitled to its portion of the net win.

Food and beverage revenue

Revenue from the sale of food and beverages is recognised when the food and beverage is consumed by the customer.

Finance income

Finance income is accrued on a timely basis, by reference to the principle outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that discounts the estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the asset’s net carrying amount.

Dividend income

Dividend income is recognised when the shareholder’s right to receive payment is established and provided that it is probable that economic benefits will flow to the Company, and the amount of income can be measured reliably.

5.8   Other operating expenses

Other operating expenses are recognised in the statements of comprehensive income upon utilisation of the service or at the date of their origin.

5.9   Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is necessary to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred and are reported in ‘finance costs’.

5.10 Employee benefits

Contributions toward the state pension in accordance with local legislation are recognised in the statements of comprehensive income when they are due.

5.11 Goodwill

Goodwill arising in a business combination that is accounted for using the acquisition method is recognised as an asset at the date that control is acquired. Goodwill is measured as the excess of (a) the aggregate of: (i) the consideration transferred; (ii) the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree; and (iii) in a business combination achieved in stages, the acquisition-date fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest in the acquiree; and (b) the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.

Goodwill is initially recognised as an asset at cost and is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Any gain on a bargain purchase, after reassessment, is recognised immediately in profit or loss. Refer to note 5.16 for a description of impairment testing procedures.

5.12 Intangible assets

Intangible assets include the concession fee, acquired software licences, trademark and domain, key money, work-in-progress and internally-generated website. They are accounted for using the cost model whereby capitalised costs are amortised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, as these assets are considered finite. Residual values and useful lives are reviewed at each reporting date. In addition, they are subject to impairment testing as described in note 5.16. The following rates are applied:

Concession fee is written off to the statements of comprehensive income by equal annual instalments over the term of the concession.

Acquired software is capitalised on the basis of the costs incurred to acquire and install the specific software.

Costs associated with maintaining computer software are expensed as incurred.

A trademark acquired in a business combination that qualifies for separate recognition is recognised as an intangible asset at its fair value at the acquisition date. The trademark is assessed to have an indefinite useful life.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised. They are tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. The useful life of these assets is reviewed annually to assess whether the indefinite-life assessment remains supportable.

Key money represents deposits given to lessors for leased out properties.

Internally-generated website is capitalised on the basis of the costs incurred to create the website.

Intangible assets are derecognised on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from their use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition represent the difference between the net disposal proceeds, if any, and the carrying amount, and are included in profit or loss in the period of derecognition.

5.13 Property, plant and equipment

Items of property, plant and equipment, except for land, are carried at acquisition cost less subsequent depreciation and impairment losses.

Depreciation is recognised on a straight-line basis to write down the cost less estimated residual value of property, plant and equipment as follows:

In the case of leasehold improvements, expected useful lives are 10 years or over the term of the lease, if shorter.

Land and buildings owned is stated at revalued amounts. Revalued amounts are fair values based on appraisals prepared by external or internal professional valuers once every two years or more frequently if market factors indicate a material change in fair value. Any revaluation surplus is recognised in other comprehensive income and credited to the revaluation reserve in equity. To the extent that any revaluation decrease or impairment loss has previously been recognised in profit or loss, a revaluation increase is credited to profit or loss with the remaining part of the increase recognised in other comprehensive income. Downward revaluations of land are recognised upon appraisal or impairment testing, with the decrease being charged to other comprehensive income to the extent of any revaluation surplus in equity relating to this asset and any remaining decrease recognised in profit or loss. Any revaluation surplus remaining in equity on disposal of the asset is transferred to retained earnings.

As land does not have a finite useful life, related carrying amounts are not depreciated.

Material residual value estimates and estimates of useful life are updated as required, but at least annually, whether or not the asset is revalued.

Gains or losses arising on the disposal of property, plant and equipment are determined as the difference between the disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and are recognised in the statements of comprehensive income within ‘other income’ or ‘other operating expenses’.

5.14 Investment properties

Investment properties are properties held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation, or both. Investment properties are recognised as assets when it is probable that the future economic benefits that are associated with the properties will flow to the Group, and the cost of the property can be reliably measured. Investment properties are initially measured at cost, including transaction costs.

Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are measured at fair value. Fair value reflects market conditions at the end of the reporting period and is determined periodically by internal professional valuers with sufficient experience in respect of both the location and the nature of the investment properties, supported by observable market evidence.

Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise. Rental income and operating expenses from investment properties are reported within ‘other revenue’ and ‘other operating expenses’, respectively. Change in accounting policy will be applied prospectively.

5.15 Non-current asset held for sale

Non-current asset classified as held for sale is presented separately and measured at the lower of its carrying amount immediately prior to its classification as held for sale and its fair value less costs to sell. Once classified as held for sale, the asset is not subject to depreciation or amortisation.

5.16 Impairment of goodwill, intangible assets, right-of-use assets and property, plant and equipment

For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are largely independent cash inflows (cash-generating units). As a result, some assets are tested individually for impairment and some are tested at cash-generating unit level.

All individual assets or cash-generating units are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s or cash-generating unit’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. To determine the value in use, the Group’s management estimates expected future cash flows from each cash-generating unit and determines a suitable interest rate in order to calculate the present value of those cash flows. Discount factors are determined individually for each cash-generating unit and reflect their respective risk profiles as assessed by the Group’s management.

Impairment losses are recognised immediately in the statements of comprehensive income. Impairment losses for cash-generating units are charged pro-rata to the assets in the cash-generating unit. All assets are subsequently reassessed for indications that an impairment loss previously recognised may no longer exist.  An impairment charge that has been recognised is reversed if the cash-generating unit’s recoverable amount exceeds its carrying amount.

5.17 Leases

The Group as a lessee

The Group makes the use of leasing arrangements principally for its land-based casino, retail shops and office space. The rental contracts for offices are typically negotiated for terms of between 3 and 20 years and some of these have extension terms. Lease terms for office fixtures and equipment and motor vehicles have lease terms of between 6 months and 6 years without any extension terms. The Group does not enter into sale and leaseback arrangements. All the leases are negotiated on an individual basis and contain a wide variety of different terms and conditions such as purchase options and escalation clauses.

The Group considers whether a contract is or contains a lease. A lease is defined as ‘a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to use an asset (the underlying asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration’. To apply this definition the Group assesses whether the contract meets three key evaluations which are, whether:

Measurement and recognition of leases as a lessee

At lease commencement date, the Group recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the statements of financial position. The right-of-use asset is measured at cost, which is made up of the initial measurement of the lease liability, any initial direct costs incurred by the Group, an estimate of any costs to dismantle and remove the asset at the end of the lease, and any lease payments made in advance of the commencement date (net of any incentives received).

Subsequent to initial measurement, right-of-use assets of emphyteutic deed are stated at revalued amounts. Revalued amounts are fair values based on appraisals prepared by external professional valuers annually or more frequently if market factors indicate a material change in fair value. Any revaluation surplus is recognised in other comprehensive income and credited to the revaluation reserve in equity. To the extent that any revaluation decrease or impairment loss (note 5.16) has previously been recognised in profit or loss, a revaluation increase is credited to profit or loss with the remaining part of the increase recognised in other comprehensive income. Downward revaluations of right-of-use assets are recognised upon appraisal or impairment testing, with the decrease being charged to other comprehensive income to the extent of any revaluation surplus in equity relating to that asset and any remaining decrease recognised in profit or loss.  Any revaluation surplus remaining in equity on disposal of the asset is transferred to retained earnings.

The Group depreciates its right-of-use assets on a straight-line basis from the lease commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term.

At lease commencement date, the Group measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments unpaid at that date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease if that rate is readily available or the Group’s incremental borrowing rate.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability are made up of fixed payments (including in-substance fixed), variable payments based on an index or rate, amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee and payments arising from options reasonably certain to be exercised.

Subsequent to initial measurement, the lease liability will be reduced for payments made and increased for interest. It is remeasured to reflect any reassessment or modification, or if there are changes in in-substance fixed payments.

When the lease liability is remeasured, the corresponding adjustment is reflected in the right-of-use asset, or profit and loss if the right-of-use asset is already reduced to zero.

On the statements of financial position, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities have been presented separately.

Finance lease

Management applies judgment in considering the substance of a lease agreement and whether it transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the leased asset. Key factors considered include the length of the lease term in relation to the economic life of the asset, the present value of the minimum lease payments in relation to the asset’s value and whether the Group obtains ownership of the asset at the end of the lease term.

For leases of land and buildings, the minimum lease payments are first allocated to each component based on the relative fair values of the respective lease interests. Each component is then evaluated separately for possible treatment as a finance lease, taking into consideration the fact that land normally has an indefinite useful life.

Finance lease as lessee

Leases of motor vehicles where the Group, as lessee, has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Finance leases are classified at the lease’s inception at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, the present value of minimum lease payments. The corresponding rental obligations, net of finance lease charges, are included in other short-term and long-term trade and other payables. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the profit or loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. The motor vehicles or property acquired under finance leases are depreciated over the assets’ useful lives or over the shorter of the assets’ useful lives and the lease term if there is no reasonable certainty that the Group will obtain ownership at the end of the lease term.

5.18 Investment in subsidiaries

Investment in subsidiaries is included in the Company’s statement of financial position at cost less any impairment loss that may have arisen. Income from investment in subsidiaries is recognised only to the extent of distributions received by the Company from post-acquisition profits. Distributions received in excess of such profits are regarded as a recovery of the investment and are recognised as a reduction of the cost of the investment.

At each reporting date, the Company reviews the carrying amount of its investment in subsidiaries to determine whether there is any indication of impairment and, if any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the investments is estimated. An impairment loss is the amount by which the carrying amount of an investment exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. An impairment loss that has been previously recognised is reversed if the carrying amount of the investment exceeds its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the carrying amount of the investment does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined if no impairment loss had been previously recognised. Impairment losses and reversals are recognised immediately in the statement of comprehensive income.

5.19 Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Costs of ordinarily interchangeable items are assigned using weighted average cost formula. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less any applicable selling expenses.

5.20 Financial instruments

Recognition and derecognition

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Group and the Company become a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument.

Financial assets are derecognised when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or when the financial asset and all substantial risks and rewards are transferred. A financial liability is derecognised when it is extinguished, discharged, cancelled or expires.

Classification and initial measurement of financial assets

Except for those trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component and are measured at the transaction price in accordance with IFRS 15, all financial assets are initially measured at fair value adjusted for transaction costs (where applicable).

Financial assets are classified into the following categories:

The Group and the Company do not have any financial assets categorised as FVTPL and FVOCI in the periods presented.

The classification is determined by both:

All income and expenses relating to financial assets that are recognised in the statements of comprehensive income are presented within ‘finance income’ or ‘finance costs’.

Subsequent measurement of financial assets

Financial assets at amortised cost

Financial assets are measured at amortised cost if the assets meet the following conditions (and are not designated as FVTPL):

After initial recognition, these are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial. The Group’s and Company’s cash and cash equivalents, loans receivable and trade and other receivables fall into this category of financial instruments.

Impairment of financial assets

IFRS 9’s impairment requirements use forward-looking information to recognise expected credit losses – the ‘expected credit loss (ECL) model’. Instruments within the scope of the new requirements include loans and other debt-type financial assets measured at amortised cost, trade receivables (if any) and contract assets recognised and measured under IFRS 15, where applicable.

The Group and Company consider a broad range of information when assessing credit risk and measuring expected credit losses, including past events, current conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the expected collectability of the future cash flows of the instrument.

In applying this forward-looking approach, a distinction is made between:

‘Stage 3’ would cover financial assets that have objective evidence of impairment at the reporting date.

‘12-month expected credit losses’ are recognised for the first category while ‘lifetime expected credit losses’ are recognised for the second category.

Measurement of the expected credit losses is determined by a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses over the expected life of the financial instrument.

Trade and other receivables

The Group and Company make use of a simplified approach in accounting for trade and other receivables and record the loss allowance as lifetime expected credit losses. These are expected shortfalls in contractual cash flows, considering the potential for default at any point during the life of the financial instrument. In calculating, the Group and Company use their historical experience, external indicators and forward-looking information to calculate the expected credit losses using a provision matrix.

The Group and Company assess the impairment of trade receivables on a collective basis as they possess share credit risk characteristics.

Classification and measurement of financial liabilities

The Group’s and Company’s financial liabilities include bank borrowings, debt securities in issue, other loans payable, lease liabilities and trade and other payables.

Financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value, and, where applicable, adjusted for transaction costs unless the Group and Company designates a financial liability at fair value through profit or loss.

All interest-related charges and, if applicable, changes in an instrument’s fair value that are reported in the statements of comprehensive income are included within ‘finance costs’ or ‘finance income’.

Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the statements of financial position when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

5.21 Cash and cash equivalents

For the purposes of the statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents comprise cash in hand and at bank.

5.22 Equity and reserves

Share capital represents the nominal value of shares that have been issued.

Retained earnings (accumulated losses) include current and prior period results as disclosed in the statements of comprehensive income net of dividend distributions.

5.23 Income taxes

Tax expense recognised in the statements of comprehensive income comprises the sum of deferred tax and current tax not recognised directly in equity.

Current income tax assets and/or liabilities comprise those obligations to, or claims from, fis­cal authorities relating to the current or prior reporting periods, that are unpaid at the reporting date. Current tax is payable on taxable profit, which differs from profit or loss in the financial statements. Calculation of current tax is based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. 

Deferred income taxes are calculated using the liability method on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. However, deferred tax is not provided on the initial recognition of an asset or liability unless the related transaction is a business combination or affects tax or accounting profit.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated, without discounting, at tax rates that are expected to apply to their respective period of realisation, provided those rates are enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be able to be utilised against future taxable income. This is assessed based on the Group’s forecast of future operating results which is adjusted for significant non-taxable income and expenses and specific limits to the use of any unused tax loss or credit. Deferred tax liabilities are always provided for in full.

Changes in deferred tax assets or liabilities are recognised as a component of tax income or expense in profit or loss, except where they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the related deferred tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or equity, respectively.

5.24 Provisions and contingent liabilities

Provisions are recognised when present obligations as a result of a past event will probably lead to an outflow of economic resources from the Group and Company and amounts can be estimated reliably. Timing or amount of the outflow may still be uncertain. A present obligation arises from the presence of a legal or constructive commitment that has resulted from past events, for example, product warranties granted, legal disputes or onerous contracts. Restructuring provisions are recognised only if a detailed formal plan for the restructuring has been developed and implemented, or management has at least announced the plan’s main features to those affected by it. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

Provisions are measured at the estimated expenditure required to settle the present obligation, based on the most reliable evidence available at the reporting date, including the risks and uncertainties associated with the present obligation. Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. Provisions are discounted to their present values, where the time value of money is material.

In those cases where the possible outflow of economic resources as a result of present obligations is considered improbable or remote, no liability is recognised.

All provisions are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

5.25 Significant management judgement in applying accounting policies and estimation uncertainty

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Use of available information and application of judgement are inherent in making estimates. Actual results in the future could differ from such estimates and the differences may be material to the financial statements. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

Except as disclosed below, in the opinion of the directors, the accounting estimates and judgements made in the course of preparing these financial statements are not difficult, subjective or complex to a degree which would warrant their description as critical in terms of the requirements of IAS 1 (revised).

Significant management judgements

The following are significant management judgements made in applying the accounting policies of the Group and the Company that have the most significant effect on the financial statements.

Capitalisation of internally developed website

Distinguishing the research and development phases of a new customised website project and determining whether the recognition requirements for the capitalisation of development costs are met requires judgement. After capitalisation, management monitors whether the recognition requirements continue to be met and whether there are any indicators that capitalised costs may be impaired.

Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease

The Group uses its judgement in determining whether an arrangement contains a lease, based on the substance of the arrangement and makes assessment of whether it is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets, conveys a right to use the asset and transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to/from the Group.

In the opinion of the directors, the accounting and estimates made in the course of preparing these consolidated financial statements are not difficult, subjective or complex to a degree which would warrant their description as critical in terms of the requirements of IAS 1 (revised).

Recognition of deferred tax asset

The assessment of the probability of future taxable income in which deferred tax asset can be utilised is based on the Group’s latest approved budget forecast, which is adjusted for significant non-taxable income and expenses and specific limits to use any unused tax loss or credit. If a positive forecast of taxable income indicates the probable use of a deferred tax asset, that deferred tax asset is usually recognised in full.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

Estimation uncertainty

Information about estimates and assumptions that have the most significant effect on recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses is provided below. Actual results may be substantially different.

Useful lives of depreciable assets

Management reviews its estimate of useful lives of depreciable assets at each reporting date based on the expected utility of the assets. Uncertainties in these estimates relate to technical obsolescence that may change the utility of certain plant and equipment.

Leases - Estimating the incremental borrowing rate

The Group cannot readily determine the interest rate implicit in the lease, therefore, it uses its incremental borrowing rate (IBR) to measure lease liabilities. The IBR is the rate of interest that the Group would have to pay to borrow over a similar term, and with a similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of a similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment. The IBR therefore reflects what the Group ‘would have to pay’, which requires estimation when no observable rates are available or when they need to be adjusted to reflect the terms and conditions of the lease. The Group estimates the IBR using observable inputs (such as market interest rates) when available and is required to make certain entity-specific estimates (such as the entity’s stand-alone credit rating).

Impairment of intangible assets including goodwill, tangible assets and right-of-use assets at fair value

An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s or cash-generating unit’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. To determine the recoverable amount, management estimates expected future cash flows from each cash-generating unit and determines a suitable interest rate in order to calculate the present value of those cash flows (see note 5.16). In the process of measuring expected future cash flows management makes assumptions about future operating results. These assumptions relate to future events and circumstances. The actual results may vary, and may cause significant adjustments to the Group’s assets within the next financial year.

In most cases, determining the applicable discount rate involves estimating the appropriate adjustment to market risk and the appropriate adjustment to asset-specific risk factors.

The Group tests goodwill and intangible assets with an indefinite useful life annually for impairment or more frequently if there are indications that goodwill or intangible assets might be impaired. Determining whether the carrying amounts of these assets can be realised requires an estimation of the recoverable amount of the cash-generating units. The value in use calculation requires the directors to estimate the future cash flows expected to arise from the cash-generating unit and a suitable discount rate in order to calculate present value.

Goodwill arising on a business combination is allocated to the cash-generating units (“CGUs”) that are expected to benefit from that business combination.

Furthermore, following an in-depth review of the projections, management opted to include an execution risk premium (based on their professional judgement) to mitigate the current forecasting uncertainty and to obtain added comfort that the carrying value of the intangible assets is indeed recoverable.

For further details, refer to note 12 of these financial statements.

CGUs – Casino, Retail and Online Gaming

The recoverable amounts of the CGUs are determined from their value in use calculations. The key assumptions for the value in use calculations are those regarding the discount rates, growth rates and expected changes to selling prices and direct costs during the period. The directors estimate discount rates using pre-tax rates that reflect current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGUs. The growth rates are based on industry growth forecasts. Changes in selling prices and direct costs are based on past practices and expectations of future changes in the market.

The assessment of recoverability of the carrying amount of goodwill and intangible assets includes:

Based on the above assessment, the directors expect the carrying amount of goodwill and intangible assets with an indefinite useful life to be recoverable.

CGU – Property holding entities

The recoverable amount of the property which is expected to generate rental revenue is determined from the value in use calculation. The key assumptions for the value in use calculations are those regarding the discount rates, growth rates and expected changes to selling prices and direct costs during the period. The directors estimate discount rates using pre-tax rates that reflect current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGUs. The growth rates are based on industry growth forecasts. Changes in selling prices and direct costs are based on past practices and expectations of future changes in the market.

The assessment of recoverability of the carrying amount of the Group’s goodwill and the investments held by the Company includes:

The recoverable amount of property which comprises land and which is carried at cost is determined by reference to market value.

Based on the above assessment, the directors expect the carrying amount of goodwill and intangible assets with an indefinite useful life to be recoverable.

Fair value measurement of investment properties

Management uses various valuation techniques to determine the fair value of non-financial assets. This involves developing estimates and assumptions consistent with how market participants would price the instrument. Management bases its assumptions on observable data as far as possible, but this is not always available. In that case, management uses the best information available. Estimated fair values may vary from the actual prices that would be achieved in an arm’s length transaction at the reporting date (see note 16).

Inventories

Management estimates the net realisable values of inventories, taking into account the most reliable evidence available at each reporting date. The future realisation of these inventories may be affected by expiry, obsolescence or other market-driven changes that may reduce future selling prices.

10     Finance income and finance costs

The following amounts may be analysed as follows for the reporting periods presented: